A Haven From the Animal Holocaust
By Chris Hedges
August 04,
2015 "Information
Clearing House"
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"Truthdig"
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WATKINS GLEN, N.Y.—There are
mornings when Susie Coston, walking up to the gate of
this bucolic farm in her rubber boots, finds crates of
pigs, sheep, chickens, goats, geese or turkeys on the
dirt road. Sometimes there are notes with the crates
letting her know that the animals are sick or injured.
The animals, often barely able to stand when taken from
the crates, have been rescued from huge industrial or
factory farms by activists.The
crates are delivered anonymously under the cover of
darkness. This is because those who liberate animals
from factory farms are considered terrorists under U.S.
law. If caught, they can get a 10-year prison term and a
$250,000 fine under the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act.
That is the punishment faced by two activists who were
arrested in Oakland, Calif., last month and charged with
freeing more than 5,700 minks in 2013, destroying
breeding records and vandalizing other property of the
fur industry.
Only in the insanity of corporate
America can nonviolent animal rights activists be
charged as terrorists while a white supremacist who
gunned down African-Americans in a South Carolina church
is charged on criminal counts. Only in the insanity of
America can Wall Street financers implode the global
economy through massive acts of fraud, causing
widespread suffering, and be rewarded with trillions of
dollars in government bailouts. Only in the insanity of
America can government leaders wage wars that are
defined as criminal acts of aggression under
international law and then remain, unchallenged, in
positions of power and influence. All this makes no
sense in an open society. But it makes perfect sense in
our species of corporate totalitarianism, in which life,
especially the life of the vulnerable, is expendable and
corporate profit alone is protected and sanctified as
the highest good.
The animal agriculture industry causes
suffering, death and environmental degradation—to humans
as well as animals—on a scale equaled only by the arms
industry and the fossil fuel industry. And by eating
meat and dairy products we
aid and abet a system that is perhaps the primary
cause of global warming and is pumping toxins and
poisons into our bodies and the rest of the ecosystem.
Animal agriculture sends more
greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere than
worldwide transportation. The waste and flatulence from
livestock are responsible for creating at least 32,000
million tons of carbon dioxide per year, or 51 percent
of all worldwide greenhouse gas emissions. Livestock
causes 65 percent of all emissions of anthropogenic
nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas 296 times more
destructive than carbon dioxide. Crops raised to feed
livestock consume 56 percent of the water used in the
United States. Seventy percent of the crops we grow in
the U.S. are fed to animals. Eighty percent of the
world’s soy crop is fed to animals. It is a flagrant
waste of precious and diminishing resources. It takes
1,000 gallons of water to produce one gallon of milk.
Farm Sanctuary
in Watkins Glen—which the government briefly listed as
an “extremist” animal rights group in the early 1990s—is
probably the world’s most lavish retirement home for
farm animals. Gene Baur and Lorri Houston founded it.
They raised money to create Farm Sanctuary, and to pass
out literature about the abuse of animals at the hands
of factory farm operators, by selling vegan hot dogs
from a Volkswagen van at Grateful Dead concerts. In all,
they drove their van to the parking lots outside nearly
100 concerts across the country. The first animal they
rescued was a sheep, later named Hilda, found lying in a
pile of dead animals behind a stockyard.
“Farm Sanctuary begins with the idea
that there’s this horrible system and most people are
unwittingly supporting it by buying animal-based foods,”
Baur said when I reached him by phone at his home in
Arlington, Va.
“We can only rescue a small handful
compared to the billions who deserve to be rescued,” he
said. “So we try to model and encourage a new kind of
relationship with animals. Rescuing individuals also
helped us cope with the
horrors of factory farming. Going into these places
we would see atrocious abuse. We would witness thousands
of animals confined in horrible conditions, held in
crates where they couldn’t even turn around. This takes
a toll on you emotionally. Being able to rescue a few
individuals out of that system helped heal us. Farm
Sanctuary is a place of hope. It is a place of
transformation. Animals who had been terribly
mistreated, and seen only as production units, as
commodities, have their lives transformed. They become
our friends, instead of our food. You can’t rescue them
all, but you do what you can. Farm animal rescue is an
immediate concrete response to an untenable chronic
problem.”
Farm Sanctuary, which operates through
donations, has a budget of $10 million a year and runs
two farms in California besides the one in New York
state.
There are 1,000 animals at the
organization’s three farms—cows, sheep, goats, turkeys,
pigs, geese, donkeys, chickens and ducks. The animals,
which receive state-of-the-art medical care and are fed
vegan food, roam the pastures unmolested. Cows are not
impregnated in order to keep them producing milk. Eggs
are not taken from chickens for human use. And all the
creatures live out their natural lives liberated from
the animal holocaust that defines the animal agriculture
industry.
“It is very easy to love dogs and
cats,” Coston, the sanctuary’s shelter director, said as
we stood amid a flock of turkeys one rainy morning.
“They are everywhere. They are in our world. But it is
not easy to love turkeys because very few people get to
meet turkeys. But look, they just followed us in,” she
said as we stepped into a barn. “They love being around
people. They love attention. They are no different from
pets. They also like to be petted.”
“Every animal [at the farm] has a
different personality, every animal has a name, all have
health records,” she went on as we walked to a barn that
held rescued pigs. “We are saying they are as important
as any other individual.”
The relationships between the animals,
including
two blind cows that are inseparable, and between the
animals and the men and women who work at the sanctuary
were evident, and often moving. Pigs, chickens, turkeys
and cows often responded to those working in the barns
the way pets respond to their human companions. The
animals gathered around barn workers to be scratched or
stroked. Coston often suspended our conversation to
address a pig or a cow by name and explain the
intricacies of their histories and personalities—some
shy, some gregarious, some rebellious, some jealous of
others in the herd or flock, some moody and some
attached to a particular worker at the farm.
Coston said the farm keeps the numbers
small to maintain the relationships. “I won’t
overcrowd,” she said. “I could go out now and save 5,000
spent layers [chickens]. But I would not see them, and
many of them would die. They would no longer be
individuals.”
Farm Sanctuary has been behind ballot
initiatives to end the worst abuses in factory farming
and has rescued pigs trapped by flooding in Iowa and
more than 700 chickens at a Mississippi broiler factory
struck by a tornado. Coston said that after storms hit
factory farms—some of which can house more than a
million chickens—the animals often are bulldozed alive
into pits.
Yet the sanctuary movement is not
without its critics within the animal rights community.
“Farm Sanctuary is a strong supporter
of what I call ‘happy exploitation,’ or the idea that we
can exploit nonhuman animals in a ‘compassionate’ way
through welfare reforms that supposedly make animal
exploitation more ‘humane,’ ” said the animal rights
philosopher and author
Gary Francione, whom I spoke with in New York City.
“This sort of approach sends a most problematic
normative signal and encourages people to be comfortable
about their continued participation in the
institutionalized exploitation of animals. For
example—one of many—Farm Sanctuary joined with
Peter Singer and others in publicly expressing
‘appreciation and support’ for the supposedly
‘pioneering’ effort of Whole Foods that has evolved into
the
Animal Welfare Rating program, which gives Whole
Foods customers a choice of what level of animal torture
they will purchase—and all with the stamp of approval of
‘animal advocates’ such as Farm Sanctuary. To the extent
that Farm Sanctuary promotes
veganism, it does so as a means to reduce suffering,
along with ‘enriched’ caged eggs, crate-free pork and
other supposedly more ‘humane’ foods, and not as a moral
imperative required by fundamental justice. Indeed, Farm
Sanctuary denigrates principled, consistent veganism as
a moral imperative, characterizing it [instead] as
involving ‘personal purity.’ ”
Farm Sanctuary’s Baur said he is more
willing than strict abolitionists such as Francione to
“meet people where they are.” He sees his organization’s
farms as educational tools, a way for
visitors to begin to recognize that food-stock
animals are worthy of life.
“We are a vegan organization. We
encourage people to eat plants, instead of animals, but
we also understand that sometimes change happens
incrementally,” Baur said.
“Proposition
2 in California was an initiative that was on the
ballot in 2008 to ban the use of
veal crates,
gestation crates and
battery cages in the state of California,” Baur
said. “It was approved by voters. Gary sees this as a
‘welfare reform’ that only enables and further codifies
this notion that animals are consumables and
commodities. My belief is that it gets people thinking
and talking about farm animals as living creatures who
suffer. It begins a process and a discussion. If these
are living, feeling creatures, don’t they deserve to be
treated with compassion and respect? When you start
thinking through those issues, the logical conclusion is
that you don’t eat animals.”
Baur, like Francione, dismisses what
he calls industry “marketing tools” that present cattle
or chicken as free-range, grass-fed or naturally raised.
“[These animals] basically still live on a factory
farm,” Baur said. “And at the end of the day, there’s
the fundamental question of whether or not we should be
killing and eating animals. If we can live well without
killing and causing unnecessary harm, why wouldn’t we?
The words ‘humane’ and ‘slaughter’ don’t fit well
together.”
“Our food system is a mess,” Baur
said. “The vegan movement and the animal rights movement
have focused largely on what happens to the nonhuman
animals who are exploited. But the human beings in the
system are also treated very badly,” he said in speaking
of
workers in the slaughterhouses and factory farms.
“They too are treated as expendable commodities. To me,
being vegan is about trying to live as kindly as
possible. That includes how we relate to nonhuman
animals, as well as to human animals, as well as to the
planet. It’s about creating mutually beneficial
relationships, instead of abusive and exploitive
relationships.”
Chris Hedges previously spent
nearly two decades as a foreign correspondent in Central
America, the Middle East, Africa and the Balkans. He has
reported from more than 50 countries and has worked for
The Christian Science Monitor, National Public Radio,
The Dallas Morning News and The New York Times, for
which he was a foreign correspondent for 15 years.
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